Non-ionizing radiation (NIR), encompassing electromagnetic fields (EMFs) ranging from extremely low frequencies (ELF) to radiofrequency (RF) and microwave spectra, has become a growing concern due to the proliferation of wireless technologies and electrical devices. Animals, as part of ecological systems, are increasingly exposed to NIR, raising questions about its biological impacts. The current understanding of NIR effects on animals, focusing on physiological, behavioral, and ecological aspects. Studies have reported that prolonged exposure to NIR can induce thermal and non-thermal effects in animal tissues. Thermal effects result from localized heating, while non-thermal effects are linked to alterations in cellular signaling, oxidative stress, and changes in the nervous system. Research on birds, bees, and rodents suggests potential impacts such as reduced reproductive success, altered navigation abilities, disrupted circadian rhythms, and changes in stress hormone levels. For instance, bees exposed to RF radiation show impaired homing abilities, which can have cascading effects on pollination and ecosystem stability. Similarly, migratory birds reliant on geomagnetic fields for navigation may be susceptible to RF interference, affecting their migratory patterns.