
Resumen Introducción: la lactancia materna exclusiva (LME) es esencial para el desarrollo infantil, ofreciendo beneficios cognitivos, motores y emocionales. Objetivo: describir el desarrollo infantil en niños con lactancia materna exclusiva. Material y métodos: se realizó un estudio longitudinal y retrospectivo en niños de 1 a 24 meses de edad, con y sin LME. Se evaluó el desarrollo en tres momentos (inicio, tres y seis meses) utilizando la Prueba de Evaluación del Desarrollo Infantil, que mide motricidad gruesa, motricidad fina, lenguaje y aspectos sociales. Se analizaron variables del niño (edad, sexo y edad gestacional) y de la madre (edad, nivel socioeconómico y educativo) mediante estadística descriptiva e inferencial con SPSS v24. Resultados: en una muestra de 359 niños, con una mediana de edad de 9 meses (rango de 1 a 24 meses), el 52.4% eran mujeres, con una mediana de edad gestacional de 39 semanas (rango de 37 a 42 semanas). La edad materna mediana fue de 24 años (rango de 16 a 38 años), predominando el nivel socioeconómico medio-alto (70.8%) y la educación media o superior (55.4%). El 52.9% de los niños recibió LME. Inicialmente, el 83.1% de los niños con LME presentó un desarrollo normal, aumentando a 97.8% a los tres meses y a 99.4% a los seis meses. En contraste, en los niños sin LME solo el 28.9% presentó un desarrollo normal inicialmente, aumentando a 34.9% a los tres meses y a 48.5% a los seis meses (p < 0.001). En la prueba de Friedman, tanto el grupo con LME como el grupo sin LME mostraron diferencias significativas (p < 0.001). Conclusión: los niños con LME mostraron un desarrollo superior en comparación con aquellos sin LME, subrayando la importancia de la lactancia materna en el desarrollo psicomotor, cognitivo y social.
Background: Exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) is essential for child development, offering cognitive, motor and emotional benefits. Objective: To determine child development in children with exclusive breastfeeding. Material and methods: A longitudinal and retrospective study was conducted on children aged 1 to 24 months, with and without exclusive breastfeeding (EBF). Development was assessed at three time points (baseline, three months, and six months) using the Infant Development Assessment Test, which measures gross motor skills, fine motor skills, language, and social aspects. Child-related variables (age, sex, and gestational age) and maternal variables (age, socioeconomic status, and education level) were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics with SPSS v24. Results: In a sample of 359 children, with a median age of 9 months (1-24), 52.4% were girls, with a median gestational age of 39 weeks (37-42). The median maternal age was 24 years (16-38), with a predominance of middle-high socioeconomic status (70.8) and secondary or higher education (55.4%). 52.9% of children received EBF. Initially, 83.1% of children with EBF obtained a green score in development, increasing to 97.8% at three months and 99.4% at six months. In contrast, in children without EBF, only 28.9% obtained a green score initially, increasing to 34.9% at three months and 48.5% at six months (p < 0.001). Conclusion: Children with EBF showed superior development compared to those without EBF, underlining the importance of breastfeeding in psychomotor, cognitive and social development.
Aportación Original, Lactancia materna; Crecimiento y Desarrollo; Desempeño Psicomotor; Breast Feeding; Growth and Development; Psychomotor Performance
Aportación Original, Lactancia materna; Crecimiento y Desarrollo; Desempeño Psicomotor; Breast Feeding; Growth and Development; Psychomotor Performance
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