Abstract Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV), a member of the herpesvirus family, infects more than 90% of the global population. This ubiquitous pathogen is associated with a range of clinical conditions, including infectious mononucleosis, autoimmune diseases, and malignancies such as Hodgkin’s lymphoma, Burkitt’s lymphoma, and nasopharyngeal carcinoma. This review explores the virology, transmission, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and treatment options of EBV, emphasizing the mechanisms underlying its persistence and pathogenicity, as well as future directions for prevention and management.