Abstract. The possibility of the Big Bang being an artifact is briefly investigated. This is because the distance, size and mass have to be re-appraised on a fundamentally different basis. In addition, the remotest visible celestial bodies happen also to be the most massive, while the majority of smaller bodies are not visible and are screened out of consideration. In that case, the redshift can be dominated by gravitational redshift, which does not provide a recessional velocity. The same objects can have an approaching velocity, the blueshift of which, however, is overwhelmed by the redshift of immense gravity of those largest visible bodies at ever increasing distances. The Hubble constant loses its purported meaning. Therefore, the expansion of the universe and the Big Bang theory can be an artifact.

REQUEST: Prior to submitting this preprint to an appropriate journal, it would be helpful for it to appear on arXiv. The author has no peers outside his professional field in electron microscopy, who can endorse it. A volunteer endorser is sought for this purpose. The title will be changed to "Is universe expansion an artifact?" with some textual improvements plus more information may be provided too.