Kusz Monika, Alzubedi Adam, Popiołek Joanna, Konopelko Michał. Probiotics in urolithiasis. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2018;8(4):237-245. eISNN 2391-8306. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1219871 http://ojs.ukw.edu.pl/index.php/johs/article/view/5419 The journal has had 7 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education parametric evaluation. Part b item 1223 (26/01/2017). 1223 Journal of Education, Health and Sport eissn 2391-8306 7 © The Authors 2018; This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, Poland Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author (s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non commercial license (Http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper. Received: 05.03.2018. Revised: 10.03.2018. Accepted: 17.04.2018. Probiotics in urolithiasis Monika Kusz1, Adam Alzubedi2, Joanna Popiołek3, Michał Konopelko4 Department of Paediatric Nephrology, Medical University of Lublin Department of General and Transplant Surgery and Nutritional Treatment, Medical University of Lublin Department of Cardiology, Cardinal Waszynski Hospital in Lublin, Department of Hygiene, Medical University of Lublin, Correspondence: Monika Kusz, Department of Paediatric Nephrology, Medical University of Lublin Ul. A. Gębali 6, 20-093 Lublin, Tel. 504429544. E-mail: moniakusz@gmail.com Abstract Urolithiasis is considered as a civilization disease. The prevalence is estimated at 5-20% of the population. There are many litogenesis risk factors such as hypercalciuria, hypophosphaturia, low urine pH or increased excretion of oxalates with urine - a condition called hyperoxaluria which is a major risk factor for renal stones. Oxalate urolithiasis can be caused by defects in oxalates metabolism, excessive intake in the diet or increased intestinal absorption of oxalates. The reason of hyperoxaluria might be a genetic defect (primary hyperoxaluria) or excessive consumption due to improper diet (secondary hyperoxaluria). Human intestinal flora plays an important role in oxalates metabolism. Described in the 1980s Oxalobacter formigenes, inhabiting the human gastrointestinal tract is known for contributing to decrease the excretion of oxalates with urine and consequently, reduce the risk of recurrence of kidney stones. Other known bacteria which have a beneficial effect on the metabolism of oxalates include Lactobacillus, Enterococcus faecalis, Providentia retgerri. These bacteria may be useful in the future treatment of calcium oxalate urolithiasis. Aim of the paper. The aim of the paper was to analyse the influence of probiotics on urolithiasis. Keywords: urolithiasis, probiotics, oxalate, citrate, Oxalobacter, hyperoxaluria