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Load Balancing In Genetic Zone Routing Protocol For Manets

Authors: P. Sateesh Kumar; S. Ramachandram;

Load Balancing In Genetic Zone Routing Protocol For Manets

Abstract

{"references": ["National Science \"Foundation. Research priorities in wireless and\nmobile communications and networking\"; Report of a workshop held;\nMarch 24-26, 1997, Airlie House, Virgina, Available at\nhttp://www.cise.nsf.gov/anir/ww.html", "R. Ramanathan and J. Redi, \"A brief overview of ad hoc networks:\nchallenges and directions\", IEEE Communications Magazine, 40(2):20-\n22,2002", "Schiller, J H; Mobile Communications, Pearson Education, India, 2001", "Willium Stalings; Wireless communications and Networks. 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Conf. on Universal Personal\nCommunications, pp. 562-566, 1997\n[10] Haas, Zygmunt J, Pearlman, Marc R, Samar, P; \"Intrazone Routing\nProtocol (IARP)\", June 2001, IEFT internet Draft, draft-ietf-manet-iarp-\n01.txt\n[11] Haas, Zygmunt J, Pearlman, Marc R, Samar, P; \"Interzone Routing\nProtocol (IERP)\", June 2001, IEFT internet Draft, draft-ietf-manet-ierp-\n01.txt\n[12] Haas, Zygmunt J, Pearlman, Marc R, Samar, P; \"Bordercast Resolution\nProtocol (BRP)\", June 2001, IEFT internet Draft, draft-ietf-manet-brp-\n01.txt\n[13] Pearlman, Marc R, Hass, Zygmunt J; \"Determining the Optimal\nConfiguration for the Zone Routing Protocol\", IEEE Journal on Selected\nAreas in Communications, Vol 17, No. 8, August 1999\n[14] Hass, Zygmunt J, Pearlman, Marc R: \"Providing ad-hoc Connectivity\nWith Reconfigurable Wireless Networks\", Ihaca, New York available\nat http://www.ee.cornell.edu/~haas/wnl.html\n[15] Hass, Zygmunt J, Pearlman, Marc R: \"The Performance of Query\nControl Schemes for the Zone Routing Protocol\", IEEE/ACM\nTransactions on Networking, August 2001, , Vol 9 No. 4\n[16] Prasun, Sinha, Srikanth, Krishnamurthy, Son, Dao: \"Scalable\nUnidirectional Routing with Zone Routing Protocol (ZRP) Extensions\nfor Mobile Ad hoc Networks\". IEEE Conf. Wireless Comm. and\nnetworking, pp. 1329-1339, 2000.\n[17] P. Sateesh Kumar, S. Ramachandram and C.R. Rao, \"Effect of\nTransmission Range on the Performance of Zone Routing Protocol in\nMANETs\", Proc. ICACC, pp. 627-630, 2007.\n[18] P. Sateesh Kumar, and S. Ramachandram, \"Performance Studies on the\nvarious routing protocols in Ad hoc Networks\", Int. Jrl. Of Scientific\nComputing\", vol.2, No.1, pp. 83-91, Jun. 2008.\n[19] P. Sateesh Kumar, S. Ramachandram, and C.R. Rao, \"Impact of Node\nmobility and Network size on the performance of ZRP in MANETs\",\nProc.ObCom, 2006\n[20] P. Sateesh Kumar, P. Suresh Kumar, and S. Ramachandram, \"A\nmodified timer based caching technique for ZRP\", Conf. ICAC, 2008.\n[21] D.E. Goldberg, Genetic Algorithms in Search, Optimization, and\nMachine Learning. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.\n[22] M. Munemoto, Y. Takai, and Y. Sato, \" A migration scheme for the\ngenetic adaptive routing algorithm\", Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Systems,\nMan, and Cybernetics, 1998, pp2774-2779.\n[23] J. Inagaki, M. Haseyama, and H. Kitajima, \"A genetic algorithm for\ndetermining multiple routes and its applications\", in Proc. IEEE Int.\nSymp. Circuits and Systems, 1999, pp. 137-140.\n[24] Y. Leung, G. Li, and Z.B. Xu, \"A genetic algorithm for the multiple\ndestination routing problems\", IEEE Trans. Evol. Comput., vol. 2, pp.\n150-161, Nov. 1998.\n[25] Z. Xiawei, C. Changjia, and Z. Gang, \"A genetic algorithm for\nmulticasting routing problem\", Proc. Int. Conf. Communication\nTechnology (WCC-ICCT 2000), 2000, pp. 1248-1253.\n[26] D. Montana, and J. Redi, \" Optimizing Parameters of a Mobile Ad hoc\nNetwork Protocol with a Genetic Algorithm\", 2006.\n[27] C. W. Ahn, and R.S. Ramakrishna, \"A Genetic Algorithm for Shortest\nPath Routing Problem and the Sizing of Populatioon\", IEEE Trans. On\nEvol. Comput. Vol.6, No.6, Dec. 2002.\n[28] E. Sozer, M. Stojanovic, and J. Proakis, \"Initialization and routing\noptimization for ad-hoc under water acoustic networks\", Proc. Of\nOpnetwork, 2000.\n[29] A. Roy and S. Das, \"QM2RP: A QoS-based mobile multicast routing\nprotocol using multi-objective genetic algorithm\", Wireless Networks,\n10(3): 271-286, 2004.\n[30] D. Turgut, S. Das, R. Elmasri, and B. Turgaut, \"Optimizing clusturing\nalgorithm in mobile ad hoc networks using genetic algorithm approach\",\nProc. Of IEEE Global Telecommunications Conf., 21(1), pp.62-66,\n2002.\n[31] GloMoSim: \"Global Mobile Information Systems Simulation Library\"\navailable at http://pcl.cs.ucla.edu/projects/glomosim.\n[32] P. Sateesh Kumar and S. Ramachandram, \"Genetic Zone Routing\nProtocol\", Int. Jrl. of Theoretical and appl. Infn. Tech., 4(9), pp 789-794,\nSept. 2008.\n[33] P. Sateesh Kumar and S. Ramachandram, \"Scalability of Network Size\non Genetic Zone Routing Protocol of MANETs\", IEEE Proc. of\nICACTE-2008, Thailand, Dec. 2008.\n[34] P. Sateesh Kumar and S. Ramachandram, \"The Performance Evaluation\nof Genetic Zone Routing Protocol\", IEEE Proc. of TENCON-2008,\nIndia, . Nov. 2008\n[35] P. Sateesh Kumar and S. Ramachandram, \"The Performance Evaluation\nof Cached Genetic Zone Routing Protocol for MANETs\", IEEE Proc. of\nICON 2008, India, Dec 2008."]}

Genetic Zone Routing Protocol (GZRP) is a new hybrid routing protocol for MANETs which is an extension of ZRP by using Genetic Algorithm (GA). GZRP uses GA on IERP and BRP parts of ZRP to provide a limited set of alternative routes to the destination in order to load balance the network and robustness during node/link failure during the route discovery process. GZRP is studied for its performance compared to ZRP in many folds like scalability for packet delivery and proved with improved results. This paper presents the results of the effect of load balancing on GZRP. The results show that GZRP outperforms ZRP while balancing the load.

Keywords

Genetic algorithm, routing, load balancing, MANET, GZRP, ZRP

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