The main challenges in turning are the quality of the machined part and the cost of tooling. Therefore, optimum machining parameters suitable for turning operations should be selected to achieve the desired quality of the finished product with reduced machining time and cost. The aim of this study is to determine the optimum machining conditions for S235JR low carbon steel without heat treatment, which could include finding the right combination of cutting speed, feed rate, depth of cut and tool material to achieve efficient material removal and desired surface finish. The experimental study, designed with the full factorial method, was carried out with 2 factors of cutting speed and feed rate with selected 2 levels under dry and MQL cutting environment conditions. Results of this study showed that mist lubricating technique overcome the machinability challenges of S235JR steel in terms of low surface quality and high cutting temperature and cutting force.