Photovoltaic industry is an important new energy industry, and photovoltaic industry policy is an important part of the photovoltaic industry. To analyze the structure and evolution of China’s photovoltaic industrial policies and scientifically evaluate China’s photovoltaic industrial policies, this paper analyzed the texts of China’s photovoltaic industrial policies from 2007 to 2023. Firstly, the structure and evolution of PV industrial policies were analyzed based on the division of PV industrial instruments. Then, the PMC-index model was established to evaluate six national PV industrial policies. The results show that: in terms of policy structure and evolution, there is a gap in the proportion of various policy instruments, and the structure of photovoltaic industry policies has changed; In terms of policy evaluation, among the six national-level photovoltaic industry policies, one policy was assessed as excellent, four policies were assessed as acceptable, and one policy was assessed as poor. The quality of the six policies and the degree of response of the six policies to the photovoltaic industry are above an acceptable level. There are shortcomings in the policies, which are embodied in insufficient incentive measures, lack of coordination of policies in multiple periods, and the scope of policies needs to be further expanded. Based on the research of this paper, the government should pay attention to promoting the construction of photovoltaic projects, strengthening technological innovation in the photovoltaic industry, and expanding the application range of photovoltaic power generation when formulating the photovoltaic industry policies.