Powered by OpenAIRE graph
Found an issue? Give us feedback
addClaim

DEVULCANIZATION FOR RUBBER SUSTAINABILITY—A CASE STUDY

Authors: Ben Chouchaoui;

DEVULCANIZATION FOR RUBBER SUSTAINABILITY—A CASE STUDY

Abstract

ABSTRACT Vulcanized rubber, due to unique characteristics, has seen main uses in automobiles, mostly as tires. Even with the latest shifts in the industry toward electrical drives, vehicles still ride on tires. Today, tires reported in the public domain consist of about 19% natural rubber and 24% synthetic rubbers, while plastics, metal, fillers, and additives make up the rest. Globally, the rubber industry claims to produce over 1.6 billion tires annually, and waste managers report collecting a billion waste tires after usage; the rest remains with the users, breaks down in service, or illegally piles in dumpsters. Tires of extensive designs and complex manufacturing withstand the harshness of service life. Consequently, their disposal creates monumental technical and industrial challenges. Current disposal strategies to retiring tires—consisting of incineration, crumb rubber generation, and landfilling—show clear shortcomings. Waste tire rubber recovery and regeneration are preferred for rubber sustainability and rubber product circular economy. Multiple devulcanization processes introduced selective cleavages of the crosslinks of the vulcanizates while retaining polymeric structure. This paper reviews devulcanization methods explored, such as chemical, mechanical, biological, and their combinations. It presents additional steps necessary to turn postconsumer goods based on rubbers (like end-of-life tires) into engineering materials and products. In this paper we offer a new perspective on sustainable waste rubber recovery and reuse. In a follow-up paper, we will discuss the steps to put postindustrial rubbers and rubber products back into production, toward zero waste rubber and rubber product manufacturing.

  • BIP!
    Impact byBIP!
    selected citations
    These citations are derived from selected sources.
    This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
    0
    popularity
    This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
    Average
    influence
    This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
    Average
    impulse
    This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
    Average
Powered by OpenAIRE graph
Found an issue? Give us feedback
selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
Upload OA version
Are you the author of this publication? Upload your Open Access version to Zenodo!
It’s fast and easy, just two clicks!