
arXiv: 2104.08038
We tackle the problem of predicting saliency maps for videos of dynamic scenes. We note that the accuracy of the maps reconstructed from the gaze data of a fixed number of observers varies with the frame, as it depends on the content of the scene. This issue is particularly pressing when a limited number of observers are available. In such cases, directly minimizing the discrepancy between the predicted and measured saliency maps, as traditional deep-learning methods do, results in overfitting to the noisy data. We propose a noise-aware training (NAT) paradigm that quantifies and accounts for the uncertainty arising from frame-specific gaze data inaccuracy. We show that NAT is especially advantageous when limited training data is available, with experiments across different models, loss functions, and datasets. We also introduce a video game-based saliency dataset, with rich temporal semantics, and multiple gaze attractors per frame. The dataset and source code are available at https://github.com/NVlabs/NAT-saliency.
10 pages, 3 figures, 7 tables
FOS: Computer and information sciences, Computer Science - Machine Learning, Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV), Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, Machine Learning (cs.LG)
FOS: Computer and information sciences, Computer Science - Machine Learning, Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV), Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, Machine Learning (cs.LG)
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