Pediculosis capitis is a public health problem not only in Brazil but in many countries worldwide.School children have been shown to be the most likely group to be infested due to their habits andbehaviors. Recent studies have encountered low prevalences of this infestation on children attendedin nurseries and schools in Manaus, Amazon State. The study objectives were to verify the prevalenceof pediculosis on children and young people assisted in shelters / orphanages and the pediatricdepartment of a public clinic in the city of Manaus, as well as to analyze possible associations withage, sex, ethnicity and length of hair of those infested. The diagnosis of parasites was made from thedirect examination of the heads of children and young people and then a form with information wascompleted, for each of the 437 individuals examined. There was an overall occurrence rate of 44.8%.The parasite was more frequent on females (57.7%) and in the age groups older than five years old.Subjects with long hair had the highest prevalence (62.3%). The results presented in this work show theneed to investigate this parasitic skin disease in groups that have the characteristics / epidemiologicalfactors studied here and others that may predispose them to this and other ectoparasites, even in areas/ cities where this parasitic dermatitis has shown low occurrence rates in the population.