Leukogram and neutrophil oxidative metabolism fromdogs with visceral leishmaniasis (VL) were compared before andafter treatment with meglumine antimoniate (AM) and with anassociation of meglumine antimoniate and allopurinol (AMA).The results obtained demonstrated that neutrophils of dogs withVL do not lose their capacity of reducing NBT and that oxidativemetabolism has been more active in the majority of the cases. Aftertreatment with AM and AMA, dogs with VL presented a redutionof neutrophils oxidative metabolism, suggesting that this decreasewas related with the decrease in the number of parasites and aprobable inhibitor effect of these drugs on neutrophils oxidativemetabolism.