Since the first translation of a Spanish literary text in China appeared in 1915, more than one hundred years have passed, a long period in which Spanish letters have experienced a slower advance than other European literature. This paper aims to be a retrospective look at the evolution of Spanish literature in China in terms of quality and quantity, taking into account historical issues, the number of publications and studies carried out. At the same time, we have carried out a questionnaire among 916 Chinese university students to find out the current reception of Spanish literature, especially Don Quixote. Finally, based on the results obtained, we try to identify the problems that obstruct its dissemination.