This manuscript shows Kierkegaard's idea of paganism. We use the complete author´s work published during his life, including the one written under a pseudonym. In our analysis we discover that Kierkegaard used the term paganism in three different ways: The paganism of the one who lives in the world without God, the Christian paganism, and the paganism of Socrates. By showing the richness of Kierkegaard's approach to paganism we determine that this idea is not defined by its adherence to one particular religion or moment in history. Rather, it refers to the way of living one's existence and relationship with God. Therefore, the idea of paganism is not necessarily something negative for a 19th century Lutheran Christian. To the point that Kierkegaard says that what Denmark really needs, and this could be extended to Europe today, is a new Socrates.