This report was prepared by WHO within the framework of the Bloomberg Global Tobacco Control Initiative in collaboration with the Ministry of Health and the Tobacco and Alcohol Market Regulatory Authority in Turkey. It outlines the current state of tobacco-smoking in Turkey, including the health and social aspects, epidemiological data and economic, legal and political issues. Turkey, until recently one of the major tobacco-producing countries of the world, has made substantial progress in tobacco control in a short time. The initial efforts of the Ministry of Health in the late 1980s received an impetus when Turkey ratified the WHO Framework Convention for Tobacco Control in 2004. Law No. 4207 of 1996 was substantially amended in 2008 and thus became one of the most advanced tobacco control laws in the world. Even so, smoking is still a serious health problem in the country, with one tenth of all the disabilityadjusted life-years lost due to smoking. About one third of the population smokes, despite a slight decrease over the last 15 years.