One hundred forty-eight Arab patients of both sexes who had dyspeptic symptoms were histologically examined for the existence of chronic gastritis and the presence of Helicobacter pylori. This study further confirms this association and suggests an etiological link between these two conditions. The infestation of Helicobacter pylori adjacent to atrophic gastritis warrants prolonged follow-up of affected cases to prove any relationship to the development of gastric cancer.