Sarcopenia is the progressive and involuntary loss of muscle mass and strength that occurs with elderly age. The definition of sarcopenia was first made by Rosenberg et al. in 1989. In 2010, the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP1) characterised the condition primarily by low muscle mass. The definition of sarcopenia that has been most widely adopted is that proposed by the EWGSOP1, which was updated in 2019 to become the EWGSOP2. Acute and chronic sarcopenia was included in the EWGSOP2 guideline for the first time. Although there is no consensus on the exact aetiology of sarcopenia, it is widely accepted that the condition is related to the natural ageing process. There are many chronic diseases associated with sarcopenia, including: cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), chronic heart failure, parkinson, cognitive impairment, depression, chronic kidney disease, diabetes mellitus (DM), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), anorexia and osteoporosis. The assessment of sarcopenia includes a variety of methods and screening tools that are easily accessible and practical. The EWGSOP2 algorithm is delineated as "find–assess–confirm–severity," or F-A-C-S. A multidisciplinary approach is imperative for the early diagnosis and treatment of this condition. Given the multifactorial pathogenesis of sarcopenia, no definitive pharmacological therapy currently exists. Enhanced patient education and adherence to clinical recommendations are pivotal. The most effective strategies for combating sarcopenia involve a combination of nutritional support and resistance–aerobic exercise programs. Further research is needed to explore new pharmacological treatment approaches.