This paper defines the spacetime geometry attached with observor as vacuum geometry (it defines the idea physical measurement geometry) and the spacetime geometry attached with matter as spacetime geometry. The initial spacetime geometry attached with matter is taken as refference geometry (named as initial co-moving coordinator system), and the current spacetime geometry attached with matter (named as current co-moving coordinator system) is determined by the four-dimensional displacement field measured in initial spacetime geometry. Matter motion is expressed by the motion transformation of basic vectors of four-dimensional co-moving coordinator system. The transformation of motion expressed by displacement describes the transient geometry form of matter motion. In general relativity theory and in gauge field theory, the geometrical invariant of word-line distance is used to define the geometry of space-time continuum. However, based on this research, this is only true when the time-shift is in special form. For more complicated matter motion, the gauge field theory and general relativity will be failed. The paper shows that traditional physical conservation laws and the geometrical invariant introduced by the gauge field theory and general relativity are included in the finite geometrical field theory as simple special cases.

8 pages, no figures