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https://dx.doi.org/10.48550/ar...
Article . 2022
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Free-Floating Planets, the Einstein Desert, and 'Oumuamua

Authors: Gould, Andrew; Jung, Youn Kil; Hwang, Kyu-Ha; Dong, Subo; Albrow, Michael D.; Chung, Sun-Ju; Han, Cheongho; +14 Authors

Free-Floating Planets, the Einstein Desert, and 'Oumuamua

Abstract

We complete the survey for finite-source/point-lens (FSPL) giant-source events in 2016-2019 KMTNet microlensing data. The 30 FSPL events show a clear gap in Einstein radius, $9\,μ{\rm as}<θ_{\rm E} <26\,μ{\rm as}$, which is consistent with the gap in Einstein timescales near $t_{\rm E}\sim 0.5\,$days found by Mroz et al. (2017) in an independent sample of point-source/point-lens (PSPL) events. We demonstrate that the two surveys are consistent. We estimate that the 4 events below this gap are due to a power-law distribution of free-floating planet candidates (FFPs) $dN_{\rm FFP}/d\log M = (0.4\pm 0.2)\,(M/38 M_\oplus)^{-p}$/star, with $0.9\lesssim p \lesssim 1.2$. There are substantially more FFPs than known bound planets, implying that the bound planet power-law index $γ=0.6$ is likely shaped by the ejection process at least as much as by formation. The mass density per decade of FFPs in the Solar neighborhood is of the same order as that of 'Oumuamua-like objects. In particular, if we assume that 'Oumuamua is part of the same process that ejected the FFPs to very wide or unbound orbits, the power-law index is $p=0.92\pm 0.06$. If the Solar System's endowment of Neptune-mass objects in Neptune-like orbits is typical, which is consistent with the results of Poleski et al. (2021), then these could account for a substantial fraction of the FFPs in the Neptune-mass range.

20 pages, 9 Figures, submitted to JKAS

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Keywords

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP), Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA), FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
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