The article focuses on the interrelations between families, institutions, and administrative procedures in Neo-Assyrian society, considering both the state and private levels of regulations and transactions, starting from the court and examining the roles and conditions of families in rural and urban contexts. Terminology related to family is analyzed in administrative and legal documents. Various issues are considered, such as the impact of the imperial dimension and organization, the preservation of the family structure as functional to the administration of the territory and its exploitation, the economic function of households in production and trade, and the position of women as particularly indicative of social dynamics.