This paper discusses the advantages and disadvantages of injection technologies currently in use. It presents evidence to demonstrate that the risk of injury produced by micro-injections (wounds 3/1 6" or less in diameter to a depth of %" or less into the xylem) is much reduced when compared to the macro-injections (wounds 3/8" or greater in diameter to a depth of 1 " or more into the sylem). Emphasis is placed on the need for in the field training to develop correct injection technique. Evidence is presented to demonstrate the efficacy of current injection technology, pointing out modifications and improvements of the current injection technology.