This document raised the need to analyze the effects of naproxen as an emerging contaminant in aquatic ecosystems, for which the respective documentary review was carried out on its implications on biodiversity, its impact and affectation to key aquatic organisms, where it was possible to show that even in low concentrations, naproxen causes significant alterations in biological processes of aquatic organisms, in addition its prolonged exposure negatively affects the development,reproduction and survival of different species, among which fish, gastropods, bivalves, crustaceans, among others, stand out, which are critical links in the trophic chains, generating deformities, reduced fertility, even increased mortality.Likewise, bioaccumulation and biomagnification amplify their presence at higher trophic levels, affecting the fauna and the stability of the ecosystem. In such a way, these impacts compromise aquatic biodiversity, altering population dynamics and reducing the capacity of ecosystems to provide vital ecological services, where key species are the most vulnerable to these impacts. This is why the need for strategies for regulation, mitigation and treatment of wastewater to protect the integrity of aquatic ecosystems is highlighted.