In the Ukrainian graphic art development of the 20th century as a whole and specific art events and artistic works, a constant interaction of international and national, general and specific, modern and traditional is traced. The development of the new graphic art was especially influenced by the revaluation of the aesthetic qualities of national art. The research purpose is to study the development of the directions of Ukrainian book art, the formation of new creative features in the European cultural space. The research methodology consists of the general scientific methods application (analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction) and methods of art history (comparative, typological, descriptive). The scientific novelty lies in the study of book design, which has always been significant in Ukrainian art. Today, we have many fine works in the genre of book illustrations. These works reflected both the history of Ukrainian literature, the history of the national graphic art, as well as the history of cultural progress of Ukraine in general. Thus, book design is an extremely fruitful object of study, an intersection points in which the complicated process of the interaction of social, political, spiritual, cultural and artistic and aesthetic factors is underway. The Ukrainian graphic art of those days reflected different all-European trends, e.g., modernism, symbolism, neo-primitivism, futurism, cubism, expressionism, constructivism, realism, surrealism, Art Deco, neo-classicism. The originality of the artistic language emerged through the use of traditional motifs and vanguard image creation tools.