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Revista de la Sociedad Argentina de Diabetes
Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
License: CC BY NC ND
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Complicaciones maternas

Authors: María Elena Rodríguez;

Complicaciones maternas

Abstract

Los cambios a los que es sometida la mujer que está gestando -adaptación fisiológica de sus distintos sistemas orgánicos, modificaciones hormonales en los diferentes trimestres, con la insulinorresistencia típica del tercero- favorecen la aparición de diabetes mellitus gestacional (DMG). Si bien estos suceden en todos los embarazos, aproximadamente un 10% en nuestro país desarrolla este tipo de condición. Los factores de riesgo más prevalentes -obesidad, edad, antecedentes familiares, antecedentes de DMG previa, glucemia en ayunas del primer trimestre mayor a 85 mg/dl, macrosomía en gestas anteriores, síndromes de resistencia a la insulina- condicionan su aparición. Este ambiente intrauterino hiperglucémico genera en el feto hiperglucemia primero e hiperinsulinemia secundaria a la misma; esta hiperglucemia será la responsable en parte de la macrosomía, el síndrome de distrés respiratorio y la hipoglucemia en el recién nacido. Para la madre este diagnóstico no es gratuito; el riesgo de hipertensión inducida por el embarazo, preeclamsia y eclampsia, está francamente aumentado, así como también la presencia de hipertrigliceridemia, el mayor riesgo de cesárea y el parto pretérmino. No dejamos de lado que el aumento de la edad de las gestantes implica asociación con otras patologías, debiendo considerarse la medicación previa. A futuro ya se describe mayor probabilidad de desarrollar DM, obesidad, dislipemia, hipertensión y enfermedad cardiovascular, independiente del desarrollo o no de DM2. Debemos considerar, además, que hay un grupo de pacientes que inicia su DM durante el embarazo, tanto tipo 1 como tipo 2, o la misma se detecta durante la gesta. La importancia de un diagnóstico certero y adecuado ayuda no solo al tratamiento precoz durante la gesta, sino también a minimizar los riesgos a futuro con intervenciones adecuadas.

Keywords

RC620-627, diabetes mellitus gestacional, complicaciones maternas, Nutritional diseases. Deficiency diseases, RC648-665, Diseases of the endocrine glands. Clinical endocrinology

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
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