The use of indexed databases has proven to be a robust and relevant tool in assessing the importance of Salminus hilarii for histopathology and hematology studies. This study sought to reveal the potential of this species as a bioindicator in the context of the Rio dos Bois basin, in northwestern Goiás, Brazil. Scientometrics helped to measure the production and dissemination of scientific knowledge, being applied to map the volume of publications and the relevance of S. hilarii in scientific research. This analysis includes a literature review, citing key authors and their significant contributions, in addition to a critical analysis of possible gaps in knowledge about this organism. Thus, it was possible to consolidate the importance of S. hilarii as a potential bioindicator species, in addition to opening new research perspectives based on indexed data.