In Africa, Culex is an important vector that transmits West Nile virus, whilst Aedes mosquitoes transmit dengue, yellow fever, chikungunya, and Zika. However, very limited data is available on their bionomics and ecology. Here, we provide data on the abundance and distribution of Culex and Aedes mosquitoes in Ghana between 2017 and 2025. We collected 39,761 Culex and 6,047 Aedes mosquitoes using various mosquito-trapping tools. Both vectors were predominantly observed outdoors. Aedes aegypti was the most dominant Aedes vector observed in Ghana. The invasive Aedes albopictus was sampled in 2023, whereas Aedes vittatus was observed in Accra. Our data provides important information to support vector surveillance, ecological risk assessments, and integrated vector-management strategies.