Background Urinary symptoms and urinary tract infection (UTI) are frequent and burdensome problems associated with neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction. Objectives To determine whether an association exists between urinary symptoms and urine dipstick results among individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI) or multiple sclerosis (MS). Methods Prospective 12-month cohort study of 76 participants with SCI or MS who manage their bladders by voiding. Eligibility criteria included adults ≥18 years old, at least three UTIs since diagnosis, and residence in the United States. Participants completed the Urinary Symptoms Questionnaire for Neurogenic Bladder–Voider version (USQNB-V) biweekly (26 assessments) and tested their urine by dipstick at the same time. Symptom burden was estimated based on endorsements of USQNB-V symptoms classified as clinically actionable (9), bladder function (8), and urine quality (4). Urine dipstick results assessed were leukocyte esterase (LE) and nitrite (NIT). Results Participants were stratified into four groups based on etiology of neurologic dysfunction and whether they ever experienced any urinary symptoms (USx): SCI+USx ( n = 14), SCI+NoUSx ( n = 5), MS+USx ( n = 32), and MS+NoUSx ( n = 25). In descending order, symptom burden was greatest for the MS+USx group, followed by both SCI groups; it was lowest for MS+NoUSx. We assessed multiple definitions of “positive” dipstick and found evidence of independence of USQNB-V symptoms and urinary dipstick results with each definition. In each group, the median (and majority) of strong positive dipsticks did not coincide with any symptoms. Conclusion Among people with SCI or MS who void, self-administered urine dipstick results and urinary symptom reporting contribute independent information for clinical decision making.