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Local Effects of Industrial Complexes

Authors: Palm, Lennart; Perl, Maximilian; Yesilbayraktar, Ugur;

Local Effects of Industrial Complexes

Abstract

Wir untersuchen die Auswirkungen der südkoreanischen Industriepolitik, die auf den Bau von Industriekomplexen in strukturschwachen Regionen abzielt, auf regionale Arbeitsmärkte. Dazu erstellen wir einen Datensatz zu allen Industriekomplexen, die seit Beginn der Politik in den 1960er Jahren ausgewiesen wurden, und verknüpfen ihn mit administrativen Betriebsdaten. Mithilfe eines stacked Difference-in-Differences-Ansatzes schätzen wir die kausalen Effekte der Ausweisung eines Industriekomplexes auf die lokale Wirtschaft. Unsere Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die Ausweisung eines Industriekomplexes die lokale Beschäftigung zehn Jahre nach der Ausweisung um etwa 15 Prozent erhöht und die industrielle Produktion um rund 40 Prozent steigert. Das Beschäftigungswachstum beschränkt sich dabei nicht auf den geförderten Industriesektor, sondern erstreckt sich auch auf Dienstleistungen und das Baugewerbe, die nicht direkt Ziel der Politik sind. Wir finden außerdem, dass jeder zusätzliche Arbeitsplatz in einem Industriekomplex insgesamt 1,3 bis 1,9 Arbeitsplätze in der lokalen Wirtschaft erzeugt, einschließlich des Arbeitsplatzes im Komplex selbst, wobei die zusätzlichen 0,3 bis 0,9 Arbeitsplätze überwiegend im Dienstleistungssektor entstehen. Knapp drei Viertel der zusätzlichen industriellen Beschäftigung gehen auf die Expansion von Betrieben zurück, die bereits vor dem Bau des Industriekomplexes existierten. Während wir keine Evidenz dafür finden, dass Industriekomplexe die Produktivität industrieller Betriebe erhöhen, steigern sie die Investitionen, was darauf hindeutet, dass die Politik primär Kapitalrestriktionen lockert.

We examine the local effects of South Korea's large-scale place-based industrial policy of constructing industrial complexes in left-behind regions. We compile a novel dataset on industrial complex designations dating back to the 1960s and link it to administrative establishment surveys. Using a stacked difference-in-differences design, we estimate the causal effects of industrial complex designation on local economic outcomes. We find that industrial complex designation increases aggregate local employment by approximately 15 percent ten years after designation and raises manufacturing output by roughly 40 percent. Employment growth occurs not only in the subsidized manufacturing sector but also in the services and construction sectors, which are not directly targeted by the policy. We find that each additional job in an industrial complex generates 1.3 to 1.9 jobs in the local economy, including the original job, with the 0.3 to 0.9 additional jobs being created primarily in the service sector. Nearly three quarters of the additional manufacturing employment results from the expansion of establishments that existed prior to the construction of the complex. While we find no evidence that industrial complexes increase manufacturing establishments' productivity, they increase investment, consistent with the policy primarily alleviating capital constraints.

Keywords

Korea, ddc:330, L52, South Korea, J23, R58, migration, R11, place-based policy, industrial policy

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
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