government control tends to promote equal distribution of whatever advantages are derived from planning. Our open-class philosophy and broad educational base would tend to make planning for the exclusive benefit of the elite classes unworkable. Since dictatorial regimes, as well as social planning, tend to arise in crisis situations, it is not at all unexpected to find dictatorships the first proponents of planning. Their coincidental development, however, does not indicate that planning brought about the dictatorships; in fact, quite the reverse was true.25 Still a current trend of thought which is not uncommon among social scientists pictures social planning as the entering wedge for dictatorship. If the problems of social order and stability persist as they are likely to, the possibilities for the future social structure lie between a dictatorship where the planning (not social planning) is for the maintenance of power and social planning for the maintenance of democracy. We probably lack the choice between plan and no plan, but it is conceivable that we could successfully plan our social structure for the maintenance of democratic principles. The greatest danger to such an achievement, as the Italian philosopher Croce recently put it, is active ignorance.26