Emotions too are dispositions: and, like all dispositions, they manifest themselves from time to time in mental states. Some theorists of the mind have, in recognising that emotions are dispositions, completely ignored the mental states in which they manifest themselves. An emotion includes beliefs, phantasies, wishes, and feelings, and a fuller understanding of emotion will require us to be able to describe how these various constituents of emotion fit together in a way that leaves them subordinate to the attitude. The dependence of the emotion upon the phantasy is unconditional. To talk of an emotion as a defence is clearly to claim more than that, in some way or another, it protects the psyche. Of the major grades of outcome, the malformation of emotion has, with one interesting exception, proved to be of least interest to philosophers, but it is the one that is of greatest psychoanalytic interest.