
doi: 10.4271/851394
<div class="htmlview paragraph">Conceptual studies of closed ecological life support systems (CELSS) carried out at NAL in Japan for a water recycle system using membranes<sup><span class="xref">1)</span></sup> are reviewed. The system will treat water from shower room, urine, impure condensation from gas recycle system, and so on. The H<sub>2</sub> O recycle system is composed of pre-filter, ultrafiltration membrane, reverse osmosis membrane, and distillator. Some results are shown for a bullet train of toilet-flushing water recycle equipment with an ultrafiltration membrane module. The constant value of the permeation rate with a 4.7m<sup>2</sup> of module is about 70 1/h after 500h of operation. Thermovaporization with porous polytetrafluorocarbon membrane is also proposed to replace the distillator.</div>
| selected citations These citations are derived from selected sources. This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically). | 1 | |
| popularity This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network. | Average | |
| influence This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically). | Average | |
| impulse This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network. | Average |
