<div class="htmlview paragraph">This paper outlines six problems encountered in the design of universal joints for automotive drive lines and explains how each problem was solved. Solutions included: elimination of undercuts from operating area of journal surface, control of uniformity of loading on ground and thrust surfaces touched by the needles, use o f dual-system precision seals, use of plastic retaining rings to freeze the joint on center, and removal of impediments to the process of precession.</div>