<div class="htmlview paragraph">This paper follows the evolution of the conventional scraper from a crude animal powered implement to a modern earthmoving tool. At various stages of this evolution, such innovations as multipan, multiengine, and an elevator were tried in the process of improving the productivity of the machine. Today’s conventional push loaded scraper, however, retains several advantages over these refinements. One advantage is more versatile and efficient use of the available horsepower.</div>