<div class="htmlview paragraph"><b>STARTING, oil pumping, sludging and wear are the subjects considered specifically in connection with low operating temperatures.</b></div> <div class="htmlview paragraph"><b>Tabular data and curves relating to starting are presented. Sludge is more dangerous in cold-weather operation, and the importance of selecting a quality non-sludging oil is emphasized. Tests to determine the causes of sludging are described, and the five conclusions reached are stated.</b></div> <div class="htmlview paragraph"><b>The indications that wear is due to corrosion, rather than to removal of lubricant from cylinder walls, are analyzed. With regard to kerosene and Diesel engines, the author states that it seems reasonable to believe that the effect of operating temperatures, as such, with resultant moisture condensation, will result in at least equal relative wear to that which obtains in the gasoline engine.</b></div> <div class="htmlview paragraph"><b>In conclusion, seven general rules are stated whereby the utmost satisfaction may be obtained during operation at low temperatures.</b></div>