In a manifestation of the immunological autophagy termed xenophagy, autophagic adapter proteins such as p62 and NDP52 directly capture microbes for delivery to autophagosomal organelles where they are eliminated. In a mirror image phenomenon, which is also an immunological variant of the process termed decryption, p62 and autophagy contribute to the elimination of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. During decryption, p62 sequesters cytosolic proteins into autophagosomes where they are proteolytically converted into peptides termed cryptides. A subset of cryptides possesses antimicrobial peptide properties exhibited upon their delivery to parasitophorous vacuoles where they kill intracellular microbes.