Dental caries remains the most prevalent chronic, oral biofilm-associated disease affecting majority of the globe's population in all age categories. Despite enormous and revolutionary progress in omics technologies, it´s aetiology is not fully understood. The interest of current research is primarily focused on the identification and understanding of the crosstalk between main players such as host cell genome, oral microbiome´s genome, factors of immune response, saliva content and nutrition. For accurate, multi-omix analyses, it is essential to know which patient´s genes enter into crucial interactions. Identifying genes and understanding the mechanism of their action is the key for deeper understanding of their involvement in the pathogenesis of this disease. Serious alterations of these genes should be consequently used as markers to determine the extent of genetic predisposition to dental caries and identify susceptible patients. That should significantly improve the prevention, diagnostic and therapy of the disease with an individual approach and provide more efficient and effective implementation of newer preventive measures and novel therapeutic approaches in the management of the disease. This review focuses on contemporary evidence on genetics factors affecting dental caries and to provide an up-to-date comprehensive description and classification of the genes and their alterations influencing the disease. It also aims to delineate and discuss evidence gaps and potential novel applications of genetics in the context of recent advances (Tab. 2, Ref. 113). Text in PDF www.elis.sk Keywords: dental caries, candidate gene, genetic variation, multifactorial disease.