Molecular-genetic analysis is a determining step in setting the diagnosis of spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy (SBMA). We present the first nation-wide study and experience with this disease and its diagnosis in Slovakia. The study is enriched by comparison of genetic findings from Slovak patients to patients from other countries.Molecular-genetic analysis was performed for patients suspected of SBMA. Data of patients with confirmed diagnosis were statistically evaluated. In addition, the detection rate and the prevalence of the disease for Slovakia were estimated.In 40 patients with confirmed diagnosis of SBMA, average values were observed at 44.7 CAG repeats and 52.5 years at the time of molecular-genetic diagnosis. The detection rate represents approximately 23% and an estimated prevalence is of 1 : 41,700.Concerning the population of Slovakia with 5,420,000 inhabitants, we document a relatively large cohort of SBMA patients. This is obvious when comparing similar studies from other countries, while this is the only study representing the Central Europe. Our findings prove that molecular-genetic analyses for the detection of this neuromuscular disorder show high efficiency. This fact underlines the necessity of such testing and may serve as a guide for clinicians from other countries in setting the right diagnosis for these patients (Tab. 1, Fig. 2, Ref. 29).