<p>(*) 238° contribution to the knowledge of the Staphylinidae.</p><p>The author proposes the following new synonymies: <em>Medon petrochilosi</em> Coiffait, 1970 = <em>Medon impar</em> Assing, 2004, syn. n.; <em>Medon seleucus</em> Bordoni, 1975 = M<em>edon subquadratus</em> Assing, 2004, syn. n.; <em>Medon lydicus</em> Bordoni, 1980 =<em> Medon lanugo</em> Assing, 2004, syn. n.; <em>Medon maronitus</em> (Saulcy, 1864) = <em>Medon reliquus</em> Assing, 2007, syn. n.;<em> Xantholinus puthzi</em> Bordoni, 1979 = <em>Xantholinus penicillatus</em> Assing, 2007, syn. n.; <em>Erymus gracilis</em> (Fauvel, 1895) = <em>Leptacinus mirus</em> Assing, 2011, syn. n.; <em>Tetartopeus</em> <em>rufonitidus</em> (Reitter, 1909) = <em>Tetartopeus ciceronii</em> Zanetti, 1998, syn. n.; <em>Xantholinus </em>Dejean, 1821 = <em>Afrolinus</em> Coiffait, 1962, syn. n. = <em>Calolinus</em> Coiffait, 1956, syn. n. = <em>Heterolius</em> Coiffait, 1983, syn. n. = <em>Idiolinus</em> Casey, 1906, syn. n. = <em>Neoleptophallus</em> Bordoni, 1985, syn. n. = <em>Paracyclinus</em> Bordoni, 1975, syn. n. = <em>Polydontophallus</em> Bordoni, 1972, syn. n. = <em>Purrolinus</em> Coiffait, 1956, syn. n. = <em>Stenophallus</em> Bordoni, 1972, syn. n. = <em>Tetralinus</em> Bordoni, 975, syn. n. = <em>Toxophallus</em> Bordoni, 1972, syn. n.; each previously recognized subgenus is here believed to represent a different species-group. The following taxa are considered valid subgenera of the genus Xantholinus: <em>Typhlolinus</em> Reitter, 1908; <em>Helicophallus</em> Coiffait, 1956, and obviously <em>Xantholinus</em> s. str. (linearisgroup); <em>Neohypnus</em> Coiffait &amp; Saiz, 1964 = <em>Sungaria</em> Bordoni, 2003, syn. n. The following new combinations are subsequently established: <em>Neohypnus</em> mandschuricus (Bernhauer, 1923), comb. n. (East Russia, S Mongolia, Korea); <em>Neohypnus meridionalis</em> (Bordoni, 2003), comb. n. (Guanxi); <em>Neohypnus</em> <em>rougemonti</em> (Bordoni, 2003), comb. n. (Zhejiang, Shaanxi). The genus <em>Sylea</em> Bordoni, 2001 is not a synonym of <em>Vulda</em> Jaquelin du Val, 1853, and is here a revalidated genus, and <em>Xantholinus kazachstanicus</em> Janak, 1979 does not belong to <em>Vulda</em> or <em>Sylea</em>, but it certainly belongs to a different genus, till now pending a formal name, whose delimitation and possible description need additional available material.</p>