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Hydrate Formation in Condensate and Mineral Oil Systems

Authors: E. O. Straume; D. Merino-Garcia; A. K. Sum; R. E. M. Morales;

Hydrate Formation in Condensate and Mineral Oil Systems

Abstract

Hydrate management, as opposed to avoidance, means allowing hydrates to form, but minimizing the risk of blockage formation, such that hydrates are transported with the production fluids. This strategy is starting to be a more viable approach in industry as a means to lower development and operational costs. Safe implementation of various hydrate management strategies requires a throughoutly understanding of how hydrates form and behave in diferent categories of multiphase systems of gas, oil and water. To further obtain insight into the different processes leading to hydrate blockage formation, a number of tests using a visual rocking cell have been performed to measure and observe the various stages for hydrate formation and the changes to the system evolve with continued mixing. This study has considered mineral oil + water + gas and condensate + water + gas systems. Tests were also performed with and without MEG and a model antiagglomerant. The experiments performed have shown that hydrates have a lower tendency to deposit on oil wetted surfaces than surfaces exposed to condensate or the gas phase. However, hydrate deposition was also observed in the oil system. The predominant processes in all experiments included hydrate particle growth, bedding and agglomeration. Hydrate deposits with high porosity formed under high subcooling conditions, resulting in sloughing of the hydrate deposit due to the wetting and weight of the deposit. The addition of antiagglomerant resulted in formation of transportable slurry in the mineral oil system with 30% water cut. The mineral oil and condensate are nonemulsifying, but the pseudo-flow induced in the rocking motion of the cell created shear stabilized emulsion of the liquid phases prior to hydrate formation. Upon hydrate formation onset, the liquid phases appeared to completely phase separate.

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
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