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Revue Interventions Économiques
Article . 2016 . Peer-reviewed
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Revue Interventions Économiques
Article
License: CC BY
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A History of Social Protection in Latin America: From Conquest to Conditional Cash Transfers

Une histoire de la protection sociale en Amérique Latine : de la conquête aux transferts conditionnels en espèces
Authors: Brearley, Emily J.;

A History of Social Protection in Latin America: From Conquest to Conditional Cash Transfers

Abstract

Cet article examine le développement de l'État-providence en Amérique Latine depuis la conquête, illustrant la façon dont les dotations en facteurs initiaux ont arrêté le développement de politiques sociales inclusives. Avec l'industrialisation, l’assurance sociale a été étendue aux classes défavorisées et en milieu urbain. Cependant, ce sont les crises de la dette des années 1980 – et non la démocratie - qui entraînèrent la création de politiques d'aide sociale efficaces sous la forme de transferts monétaires conditionnés (TMC). Contrairement aux politiques antérieures de l'aide sociale, les TMC ciblent mieux les pauvres, et ont réussi à augmenter les revenus tout en améliorant les indicateurs de développement humain. Ces derniers ne sont toutefois pas parvenu à modifier les fondements de l'État-providence en l'Amérique latine, qui se caractérise toujours par un système à deux vitesses: les riches ont une protection distincte et de meilleure qualité que les pauvres, ainsi que l'accès à de meilleurs services de santé et d'éducation. Ainsi, alors que CCTs apaisent les tensions sociale, certains pourraient même les qualifier de populisme, ils ne sont pas une solution pour les inégalités existantes ; ils pourraient même retarder la création d'un État-providence réellement inclusif.

Related Organizations
Keywords

réduction de la pauvreté, Social Assistance, Social Protection, Economic history and conditions, assistance sociale, assurance sociale, HC10-1085, Amérique latine, protection sociale, Conditional Cash Transfers, Latin America, Economics as a science, Poverty Reduction, transfert monétaire conditionnel, Social Insurance, HB71-74

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citations
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
5
Average
Average
Average
gold