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Produire et utiliser du fer au Gajaaga, Haut Sénégal

Production and use of iron in Gajaaga, Upper-Senegal
Authors: Dianifaba, Ladji;

Produire et utiliser du fer au Gajaaga, Haut Sénégal

Abstract

Le Gajaaga est une des anciennes formations politiques Soninké fondées à partir du 8e siècle par les Bacili. C’est l’État le plus occidental du peuplement Soninké situé dans le Haut-Sénégal. Aujourd’hui, l’espace géographique s’étend du village de Gandé au Sénégal à celui de Kenyu au Mali. Les études historiques et anthropologiques ont montré que le forgeron occupait une place importante dans la vie socioéconomique et politique de la région. Un prestige qu’il aurait acquis grâce à sa maîtrise de la chaîne opératoire de production ancienne du fer. Cependant, malgré ces études, l’histoire de la métallurgie du fer dans cette région reste encore mal connue. Où se situent les indices archéologiques de cette production ? Comment a été produit le fer ? Qui produisait du fer dans la région ? Combien de fer fut produit ? À quand remonte la transformation du minerai de fer au Gajaaga ? Voici autant de questions qui ont suscité notre curiosité. Ainsi, à travers une approche pluridisciplinaire, cette étude a pour ambition de comprendre l’histoire et le développement de la production ancienne du fer dans la partie sénégalaise du Gajaaga. Nos recherches archéologiques (prospections et fouilles) complétées par des enquêtes ethnographiques nous ont permis de déterminer trois secteurs de production ancienne du fer dans la région. Il s’agit des secteurs de Namandry, de Golmy et de Tourimé. Ils sont loin d’être les seuls endroits de production du fer de la région, mais l’étude des sites de ces trois secteurs nous permet de comprendre la richesse du Gajaaga dans le domaine de la production ancienne du fer.

Gajaaga is one of the old Soninke political formations founded from the 8th century by the Bacili. It is the westernmost state of the Soninke settlement located in Upper Senegal. Today, the geographical area extends from the village of Gandé in Senegal to that of Kenyu in Mali. Historical and anthropological studies have shown that the blacksmith occupied an important place in the socio-economic and political life of the region. A prestige that he would have acquired, on the one hand, thanks to his mastery of the ancient iron production chain. However, in spite of these studies, the history of iron metallurgy in this region is still poorly known. Where are the archaeological clues to this production? How was iron produced? Who produced iron in the region? How much iron was produced? When was the iron ore processing in Gajaaga? These are all questions that have aroused our curiosity. Thus, through a multidisciplinary approach, this study aims to understand the history and development of ancient iron production in the Senegalese part of the Gajaaga. Our archaeological research (prospecting and excavations) supplemented by ethnographic surveys have enabled us to identify three sectors of ancient iron production in the region. These are the sectors of Namandry, Golmy and Tourimé. They are far from being the only places of iron production in the region, but the study of the sites of these three sectors allows us to understand the richness of the Gajaaga in the field of ancient iron production.

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Keywords

furnace, symbolisme, scorie, archéologie, paléométallurgie, fourneau, archaeology, histoire des techniques, paleometallurgy, history of technology, savoir traditionnel, fer, heritage, slag, iron, symbolism, rite, patrimoine, traditional knowledge, [SHS] Humanities and Social Sciences

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
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