The cytology of laryngeal diseases including 25 cases of laryngeal carcinoma, 15 cases of vocal cord polyp, 8 cases of chronic laryngitis and 2 cases of laryngeal leukoplakia were studied.The results were as follows;1. The over all correct diagnostic rate in this series of patients was 77.6%.2. The accuracy of cytological diagnosis in laryngeal carcinomas was 76.0% and the false negative rate was 24.0%.3. All benign laryngeal diseases were proved cytologically benign and the false positive was none.4. The laryngeal cytology under direct laryngoscopy were superior to the cytology under indirect laryngoscopy.5. The false negative diagnosis were derived by the paucity of malignant cells and epithelial cells in the specimen.6. The exfolliative cytology was proved to be a usefll method for the diagnosis of laryngeal diseases.7. The accuracy of laryngeal cytology should be improved with the use of direct laryngoscopy, especially with fiberlaryngoscopy.