This issue of Pediatric Annals relates to the area of pediatric hematology, oncology, and stem cell transplantation. Capably guest edited by Dr. Jennifer L. McNeer, the article topics include neonatal anemia, vaginal bleeding, acute lymphocytic leukemia, neonatal thrombocytopenia, and severe combined immune deficiency. For reasons that I don’t quite understand, what has been called the Neonatal Withdrawal Syndrome (NWS) is now often referred to as the Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome, which is explored in a recent article.1 The neonates here are not “abstaining” from drug use/exposure but they are suffering from “withdrawal” symptoms, most commonly from in-utero exposure to opioids. Nevertheless, this new study1 is important in that it documents a truly remarkable and distressing increase in the incidence of this condition in US neonates from 2004 to 2013. In the first few days of life, neonatal withdrawal typically manifests as hypertonia, irritability, tremors, autonomic instability, poor suck and poor weight