
arXiv: 1805.00957
Abstract We present full spectral scans from 200 to 670 μm of 26 Class 0+I protostellar sources obtained with Herschel-SPIRE as part of the “COPS-SPIRE” Open Time program, complementary to the DIGIT and WISH Key Programs. Based on our nearly continuous, line-free spectra from 200 to 670 μm, the calculated bolometric luminosities (L bol) increase by 50% on average, and the bolometric temperatures (T bol) decrease by 10% on average, in comparison with the measurements without Herschel. Fifteen protostars have the same class using T bol and L bol/L smm. We identify rotational transitions of CO lines from to , along with emission lines of 13CO, HCO+, H2O, and [C i]. The ratios of 12CO to 13CO indicate that 12CO emission remains optically thick for J up < 13. We fit up to four components of temperature from the rotational diagram with flexible break points to separate the components. The distribution of rotational temperatures shows a primary population around 100 K with a secondary population at ∼350 K. We quantify the correlations of each line pair found in our data set and find that the strength of the correlation of CO lines decreases as the difference between J levels between two CO lines increases. The multiple origins of CO emission previously revealed by velocity-resolved profiles are consistent with this smooth distribution if each physical component contributes to a wide range of CO lines with significant overlap in the CO ladder. We investigate the spatial extent of CO emission and find that the morphology is more centrally peaked and less bipolar at high-J lines. We find the CO emission observed with SPIRE related to outflows, which consists of two components, the entrained gas and shocked gas, as revealed by our rotational diagram analysis, as well as the studies with velocity-resolved CO emission.
103003 Astronomie, NEARBY MOLECULAR CLOUDS, FOURIER-TRANSFORM SPECTROMETER, ISO-LWS OBSERVATIONS, FOS: Physical sciences, SPECTRAL ENERGY-DISTRIBUTIONS, HERBIG-HARO OBJECTS, SUBMILLIMETER CONTINUUM OBSERVATIONS, 103003 Astronomy, surveys, 103004 Astrophysics, Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR), STAR-FORMING REGIONS, stars: protostars, LOW-MASS PROTOSTARS, 103004 Astrophysik, YOUNG STELLAR OBJECTS, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, ISM: molecules, submillimeter: stars, Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA), submillimeter: ISM, MAIN-SEQUENCE STARS
103003 Astronomie, NEARBY MOLECULAR CLOUDS, FOURIER-TRANSFORM SPECTROMETER, ISO-LWS OBSERVATIONS, FOS: Physical sciences, SPECTRAL ENERGY-DISTRIBUTIONS, HERBIG-HARO OBJECTS, SUBMILLIMETER CONTINUUM OBSERVATIONS, 103003 Astronomy, surveys, 103004 Astrophysics, Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR), STAR-FORMING REGIONS, stars: protostars, LOW-MASS PROTOSTARS, 103004 Astrophysik, YOUNG STELLAR OBJECTS, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, ISM: molecules, submillimeter: stars, Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA), submillimeter: ISM, MAIN-SEQUENCE STARS
| selected citations These citations are derived from selected sources. This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically). | 29 | |
| popularity This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network. | Top 10% | |
| influence This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically). | Average | |
| impulse This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network. | Top 10% |
