Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the commonest metabolic and endocrine disorder that affects women of reproductive age. It is characterised by irregular menstruation, hyperandrogenism and polycystic ovarian morphology. While significant progress has been made in understanding PCOS, several research questions remain. For instance, there is a need for further investigation into the aetiology of PCOS, including the role of genetic and environmental factors, to aid in earlier diagnosis and treatment. Additionally, while some therapies have been effective in managing the symptoms of PCOS, their long-term efficacy and safety remain uncertain. There is a need to better understand the long-term health consequences of PCOS, particularly regarding cardiovascular disease and cancer risk. Early diagnosis, lifestyle modifications, and appropriate medical interventions can help to reduce the risk of complications and improve the overall health outcomes of women with PCOS. Looking forward, there is a need for a multidisciplinary approach to studying PCOS, including collaborations between researchers, healthcare providers, and patient advocacy groups. This may involve developing new tools and technologies for diagnosis and treatment and exploring novel interventions and therapies. There is a growing recognition of the importance of PCOS as a significant health issue affecting millions of women worldwide, and continued research efforts will be critical for improving diagnosis, treatment, and long-term outcomes for those affected by the condition.