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Estudios Públicos
Article . 2013 . Peer-reviewed
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Estudios Públicos
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Naturaleza humana, biología y convención

Authors: Jesús Mosterín;

Naturaleza humana, biología y convención

Abstract

espanol?Hay una naturaleza humana? Habiendola, ?podemos deducir de ella las normas humanas? Partiendo de la tesis segun la cual todas las especies tienen la naturaleza que les supone su genoma y que los humanes son cosas (protai ousiai), y no relaciones ni accidentes, el autor revisa “los trucos” que de todos sus antecesores supervivientes los seres humanos han heredado, herencia que conforma la naturaleza humana. Pasando por la marcha bipeda, el desarrollo de la pinza de precision y el crecimiento del tamano del cerebro con su cortex prefrontal geneticamente programado para ese cierto margen de indeterminacion que llamamos libertad, expone que esta indeterminacion parcial de la conducta humana tiene como correlato el dolor, capacidad que aporta a la supervivencia y la eficacia biologica. Con la tendencia a minimizarlo, propia de la naturaleza humana, vemos dos emociones morales basicas descritas por Hume: el amor a uno mismo y la compasion por los demas. Los seres humanos no primitivos, nos sugiere siguiendo a Darwin, son aquellos que en el circulo de la compasion van incluyendo a todas las criaturas capaces de sufrir. Posteriormente, expone que la cuestion estriba en dilucidar que aspectos de la vida social son por naturaleza (phýsei) y cuales son por convencion (nomō) (ello en conformidad al distingo griego); como tambien aquellas convenciones voluntarias y aquellas forzosas; la indispensable distincion entre moral y etica; y un desarrollo de la falacia naturalista y la falacia moralista. EnglishIs there such a thing as human nature? If there were, can we deduce human rules from it? Starting from the thesis where all species have their nature supposed by their genome and humans are things (protai ousiai, or primary beings) and not relationships or accidents, the author reviews “the tricks” that human beings have inherited from their ancestors, heritage that compose human nature. He discusses biped walking, the development of a precision clamp and the growth in the size of the brain, including the prefrontal cortex genetically programmed for that certain margin of indetermination that we call freedom. He explains that this partial indetermination of human behavior is correlated to pain, an ability that contributes to survival and biological efficacy. There is a tendency to minimize it, inherent to human nature, revealing two basic moral emotions described by Hume: love of oneself and compassion for others. He suggests, following Darwin, that non-primitive human beings are beings who include all creatures capable of suffering in the circle of compassion. He then says that the issue lies in elucidating which aspects of social life are by nature (phýsei) and which are by convention (nomō) (in accordance with the Greek distinction) as well as voluntary and compulsory conventions; the indispensable distinction between moral and ethical; and the development of the naturalistic fallacy and the moralistic fallacy.

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
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