
espanolEn las ultimas decadas se ha observado en America Latina una expansion del uso de programas de transferencias condicionadas para combatir la pobreza. Si bien estos programas pueden ser efectivos para mejorar el bienestar de los mas pobres en el corto plazo y para asegurar ciertos minimos en salud y educacion, pueden tambien desincentivar el empleo, creando asi una trampa de pobreza y dependencia en el sistema de bienestar social. En otras regiones del mundo se ha optado por usar el sistema tributario como mecanismo no solo para redistribuir ingresos, sino que tambien para implementar politicas sociales. Un buen ejemplo es el Earned Income Tax Credit (EITC) en Estados Unidos, el cual entrega a las personas de menores ingresos un credito reembolsable condicional en trabajar. Esta politica ha logrado simultaneamente aumentar la participacion laboral y reducir tanto la pobreza, en especial la de mujeres madres solteras, como la desigualdad. Este trabajo estima mediante simulaciones el efecto que tendria implementar un esquema como el EITC en Chile. Los resultados indican que a traves de un credito tributario es posible aumentar la participacion laboral al mismo tiempo que reducir la pobreza y la desigualdad. Adicionalmente, al comparar los resultados con una simulacion del Programa Ingreso Etico Familiar, se concluye que el EITC es mas efectivo en aumentar los ingresos de las personas que estan bajo la linea de la pobreza y tiene un menor costo de transferencia por familia. EnglishIn recent decades, we have seen in Latin America an increase in the use of conditional cash transfer programs to fight poverty. Although these programs can be effective to improve the welfare of the poor in the short term and to guarantee a certain basic health care and education, they can also discourage employment, thus creating a poverty trap and a dependence on the social welfare system. In other regions of the world, the tax system has been used not only to redistribute income, but also to implement social policies. A good example is the Earned Income Tax Credit (EITC) in the United States, which offers to lower-income individuals a reimbursable credit conditioned on working. This policy has simultaneously increased employment, reduced inequality and reduced poverty particularly among single mothers. This paper estimates, through simulation, the effect that a system like the EITC would have in Chile. The results show that a tax credit could increase employment and at the same time reduce poverty and inequality. Additionally, a comparison of the results to a simulation of the Ethical Family Income Program allows concluding that the EITC is more effective in increasing the income of individuals below the poverty line and it has a lower transfer cost per family.
EITC, poverty, inequality, ethical family income,Chile, jel: jel:H24, jel: jel:I38, jel: jel:H53
EITC, poverty, inequality, ethical family income,Chile, jel: jel:H24, jel: jel:I38, jel: jel:H53
| selected citations These citations are derived from selected sources. This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically). | 0 | |
| popularity This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network. | Average | |
| influence This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically). | Average | |
| impulse This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network. | Average |
