To explore the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) in regard to ChatGPT among health care professionals (HCPs).Cross-sectional study.This web-based cross-sectional study included HCPs working at the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University in China between August 2023 and September 2023. Participants unwilling to use ChatGPT were excluded. Correlations between KAP scores were evaluated by Pearson correlation analysis and structural equation modeling (SEM).A total of 543 valid questionnaires were collected; of these, 231 questionnaires (42.54%) were completed by male HCPs. Mean (SD) knowledge, attitude, and practice scores were 6.71 (3.24) (range, 0-12), 21.27 (2.73) (range, 6-30), and 47.91 (8.17) (range, 12-60), respectively, indicating poor knowledge (55.92%), positive attitudes (70.90%), and proactive practices (79.85%). The knowledge scores were positively correlated with attitude (Pearson r = 0.216; P < .001) and practice (Pearson r = 0.283; P < .001) scores, and the attitude scores were positively correlated with practice scores (Pearson r = 0.479; P < .001). SEM showed that knowledge influenced attitude positively (β = 0.498; P < .001) but negatively influenced practice part 1 (improving work efficiency and patient experience) (β = -0.301; P < .001), practice part 2 (helping advance medical research) (β = -0.436; P < .001), practice part 3 (assisting HCPs) (β = -0.338; P < .001), and practice part 4 (the possibilities) (β = -0.242; P < .001). Attitude positively influenced practice part 1 (β = 1.430; P < .001), practice part 2 (β = 1.581; P < .001), practice part 3 (β = 1.513; P < .001), and practice part 4 (β = 1.387; P < .001).HCPs willing to use ChatGPT in China showed poor knowledge, positive attitudes, and proactive practices regarding ChatGPT.