This article examines the psychological and pedagogical aspects of distance learning in the context of the digitalization of modern education. It analyzes the characteristics of students' cognitive activity in an online environment, the impact of digital technologies on motivation, self-regulation, and the development of academic autonomy. Particular attention is paid to pedagogical support, feedback, creating a favorable psychological climate, and developing communicative interactions in a virtual educational environment. The advantages and limitations of the distance learning format are discussed, including issues of decreased academic motivation, emotional burnout, and a lack of social interaction. The need to consider the individual psychological characteristics of students when designing e-courses and using interactive teaching methods is substantiated. The article emphasizes the role of the teacher as a moderator and mentor, providing support for the educational process in a digital environment. It is concluded that the effectiveness of distance learning is determined by a comprehensive consideration of the psychological patterns of learning, the use of modern pedagogical technologies and the creation of conditions for active, conscious and independent activities of students.