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Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
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The Balancing Number and Generalized Balancing Number of Some Graph Classes

The balancing number and generalized balancing number of some graph classes
Authors: Antoine Dailly; Laura Eslava; Adriana Hansberg; Denae Ventura;

The Balancing Number and Generalized Balancing Number of Some Graph Classes

Abstract

Given a graph $G$, a 2-coloring of the edges of $K_n$ is said to contain a balanced copy of $G$ if we can find a copy of $G$ such that half of its edges is in each color class. If there exists an integer $k$ such that, for $n$ sufficiently large, every 2-coloring of $K_n$ with more than $k$ edges in each color contains a balanced copy of $G$, then we say that $G$ is balanceable. The smallest integer $k$ such that this holds is called the balancing number of $G$.In this paper, we define a more general variant of the balancing number, the generalized balancing number, by considering 2-coverings of the edge set of $K_n$, where every edge $e$ has an associated list $L(e)$ which is a nonempty subset of the color set $\{r,b\}$. In this case, edges $e$ with $L(e) = \{r,b\}$ act as jokers in the sense that their color can be chosen $r$ or $b$ as needed. In contrast to the balancing number, every graph has a generalized balancing number. Moreover, if the balancing number exists, then it coincides with the generalized balancing number.We give the exact value of the generalized balancing number for all cycles except for cycles of length $4k$ for which we give tight bounds. In addition, we give general bounds for the generalized balancing number of non-balanceable graphs based on the extremal number of its subgraphs, and study the generalized balancing number of $K_5$, which turns out to be surprisingly large.

Keywords

[MATH.MATH-CO] Mathematics [math]/Combinatorics [math.CO], Extremal problems in graph theory, generalized balancing number, [INFO.INFO-DM] Computer Science [cs]/Discrete Mathematics [cs.DM], Coloring of graphs and hypergraphs, Edge subsets with special properties (factorization, matching, partitioning, covering and packing, etc.), balancing number, Structural characterization of families of graphs

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
2
Average
Average
Average
Green
gold